The federal states are responsible for education policy in Germany. They have the so-called cultural sovereignty, so that the state governments can largely independently decide how they organize their education systems. Therefore, the terms for the types of schools in general education are very different. Further information is also available on the website of the Conference of Ministers of Education: https://www.kmk.org/themen/allgemeinbildende-schulen/bildungsweun-und-abschluesse.html
Federal State of Berlin
Since the 2015/16 school year, almost 62 percent of pupils with special educational needs have been learning together with children and adolescents without disabilities at general education schools. Special needs education can take place both in the general education school in joint education as well as in schools with a special educational focus. Parents have the right to choose (Https://www.berlin.de/sen/bildung/schule/inklusion/inklusion-kompakt/).
Primary school
The primary school in Berlin covers the grades 1 to 6, provides a basic education.
Children attend the primary school in Berlin usually at the age of 6 - 12 years.
All primary schools in Berlin are all-day schools - either with compulsory attendance from 8 am to 4 pm (bound all-day school) or as a reliable half-day school with additional complementary day care (open full-time school). Https://www.berlin.de/sen/bildung/schule/bildungswege/grundschule/
Particularly capable and gifted pupils can already change to selected high schools after grade 4 (https://www.berlin.de/sen/bildung/schule/bildungswege/uebergang-weiterfuehrende-schule/#grundstaendig).
After primary school there are three types of school in Berlin
Integrated Secondary School (ISS)
In Integrated Secondary School, high-performance and under-performing students receive individual support. There are offers at different levels. In the Integrated Secondary School, the following qualifications can be obtained after passing the examinations: Basic Vocational Education Maturity at the end of the 9th or 10th grade, Advanced Vocational Education Maturity and Middle Maturity after grade 10 and General University Entrance Qualification
after 13th grade.
https://www.berlin.de/sen/bildung/schule/bildungswege/integrierte-sekundarschule/
Community School
In the community school, the longer common and individual learning from class 1 to 10 and even to class 13 is firmly anchored. Community schools without their own elementary school or without their own upper level have binding cooperation with elementary schools or upper levels from other schools. Pupils at a community school automatically change to grade 7 at their school if they want it. Likewise, pupils from elementary schools with whom compulsory cooperation exist will be given priority. Like the integrated secondary schools, the community schools lead to all school qualifications (https://www.berlin.de/sen/bildung/schule/bildungswege/gemeinschaftsschule/).
Grammar School
The grammar school covers the grades 7 to 12. It provides a deepened general education and includes the education to obtain the general higher education entrance qualification (Abitur) after class 12. Usually, the Gymnasium begins with the 7th grade. Around 30 Berlin grammar schools start already with the 5th grade and are aimed at children with special talents (https://www.berlin.de/sen/bildung/schule/bildungswege/gymnasium/).
Special schools
Pupils who cannot be adequately supported in joint classes or whose parents wish to attend a school with special needs education are taught in special schools (https://www.berlin.de/sen/bildung/schule/bildungswege/foerderschule/).
Full-time care in schools in the state of Berlin:
All elementary schools and integrated secondary schools are all-day schools (https://www.berlin.de/sen/bildung/schule/ganztaegiges-lernen/ganztagsschulen/).
In addition to the state schools in Berlin, there are also private schools: https://www.berliner-privatschulen.de/