Parents in Baden-Württemberg get advice in the special education counseling centers (SBBZ, https://rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de/Themen/Bildung/Eltern/Bildungswege/Seiten/Sonderpaedagogische_Bildungs-und-Beratungszentren.aspx) or in the regional agencies for cooperation at the state school boards (http://www.schule-bw.de/faecher-und-schularten/schularten/sonderpaedagogische-bildung/beratung-vernetzung/regional-arbeitsstellen-kooperation).
For children with special educational needs, there are special needs schools: https://www.service-bw.de/web/guest/lebenslage/-/lebenslage/Sonderpaedagogische+Bildungs+und+Beratungszentren-5001288-lebenslage-0?tab=0
For children with special talents and giftedness there are various learning and support offers in the schools of Baden-Württemberg as well as various facilities with offers for talented students (https://rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de/Themen/Bildung/Eltern/Beratung /Seiten/Begabte_Kinder.aspx).
An overview of the support for gifted pupils in Baden-Württemberg can be found here: https://rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de/rps/Abt7/Ref75/FuT/Documents/Hochbegabtenfoerderung_BW.pdf