The federal states are responsible for education policy in Germany. They have the so-called cultural sovereignty, so that the state governments can largely independently decide how they organize their education systems. Therefore, the terms for the types of schools in general education are very different. Further information is also available on the website of the Conference of Ministers of Education: https://www.kmk.org/themen/allgemeinbildende-schulen/bildungsweun-und-abschluesse.html
State of Baden-Wuerttemberg
Pupils with a stated entitlement to a special need education can attend an inclusive education offer at a general school or a Special Education and Counseling Center (SBBZ) at the parents' request. In principle, all general education qualifications can be obtained at general schools as well as at Special Education and Counseling Center
(http://km-bw.de/,Lde/Startseite/Schule/Inklusion).
Primary school
The primary school in Baden-Wuerttemberg covers grades 1 to 4, provides a basic education. Children attend primary school in Baden-Wuerttemberg usually at the age of 6 - 10 years.
http://km-bw.de/,Lde/Startseite/Schule/Allgemeine+Informationen
https://www.service-bw.de/web/guest/lebenslage/-/lebenslage/Grundschule-5001463-lebenslage-0
After primary school there are four types of schools:
Werkrealschule / secondary school
The Werkrealschule / Hauptschule covers the classes 5 to 10. Central feature of the Werkrealschule and the Hauptschule is a consistent vocational orientation by the individual promotion of practical talents and the integration of life-related facts and tasks. In grades 7 to 9, the young people complete professional internships lasting at least 20 practical days. The Werkrealschule / Hauptschule leads to a Middle Maturity (Werkrealschulabschluss) after class 10 and offers also the possibility to acquire the Basic Vocational Education Maturity (Hauptschulabschluss) at the end of class 9 or class 10 (http://km-bw.de/,Lde/Startseite/Schule/Hauptschule_Werkrealschule, https://www.service-bw.de/web/guest/lebenslage/-/lebenslage/WerkrealschuleHauptschule-5000339-lebenslage-0?tab=1)
Realschule/Secondary school
The Realschule covers the classes 5 to 10 and prepares the pupils in particular for a successful transition into the vocational training or the vocational Gymnasium. Lessons and grades in classes 5 and 6 are based at the middle level. For lower-achieving students, additional support may be offered. At the end of class 6, it is decided whether the pupil continues to learn at basic level or medium level. At the Realschule pupils can obtain a Basic Vocational Education Maturity at the end of the class 9 and a Middle Maturity at the end of class 10 (http://km-bw.de/,Lde/Startseite/Schule/Realschule, https://www.service-bw.de/web/guest/lebenslage/-/lebenslage/Realschule-5001021-lebenslage-0).
Community School
The community school covers grades 5 to 10. It can also have a primary school and, after grade 10, a three-year upper secondary school (grades 11 to 13). The community school is a performance-oriented school that supports children and young people with different talents. All pupils learn together, but according to strengths and weaknesses at different levels, the basic level (G) leading to the Basic Vocational Education Maturity, the middle level (M) leading to the Middle Maturity or the extended level (E), leading to the General University Entrance Qualification (http://km-bw.de/,Lde/Startseite/Schule/Gemeinschaftsschule, https://www.service-bw.de/web/guest/lebenslage/-/lebenslage/Gemeinschaftsschule-5000527-lebenslage-0).
Grammar School
The grammar school covers the grades 5 to 12. It provides a deepened general education and leads to the acquisition of the general higher education entrance qualification (Abitur) after class 12. At 44 model schools (44 Modellschulen), pupils can acquire the Abitur after grade 13. The individual grammar schools differ in their teaching offers by different emphases. They are either linguistically, scientifically or artistically / sporty oriented (http://km-bw.de/,Lde/Startseite/Schule/Gymnasium, https://www.service-bw.de/web/guest/lebenslage/-/lebenslage/Allgemein+bildendes+Gymnasium-5000803-lebenslage-0).
Special Education and Counseling Centers (special schools)
Pupils with a stated entitlement to special needs education who cannot be adequately supported in joint education in a general school or whose parents wish, that they attend a special needs school are taught at Special Education and Counseling Centers (http://km-bw.de/,Lde/Startseite/Schule/Sonderpaedagogische+Bildungs_+und+Beratungszentren, https://www.service-bw.de/web/guest/lebenslage/-/lebenslage/Sonderpaedagogische+Bildungs+und+Beratungszentren-5001288-lebenslage-0).
Full-time care in schools in the state of Baden-Württemberg:
There are all-day primary schools and all-day schools in the secondary schools (https://www.service-bw.de/lebenslage/-/sbw/Ganztagsschule-5000653-lebenslage-0). Which schools have a full-time offer, you can find out at the state school authorities: http://www.schulaemter-bw.de/,Lde/Startseite
In addition to state schools in Baden-Württemberg, there are also private schools: http://www.schulliste.eu/type/?bundesland=baden-wurttemberg&t=private-schools